I-limited amashishini kunye yeshishini ndalo ngokunxulumene obukhulu-ngqesho ka-izakhono basebenza ziphakathi imiba analyzed lixoxiwe kwaye kule iphepha
Imizamo iphepha ibonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba shifts ukuba ekudalweni ngakumbi ezingama-ingaba ibaluleke kakhulu iindlela ukuphucula kwezoqoqosho indlela yokusebenza kwimakethi uphuhliso ngokusebenzisa ezinye ukufikelela kulwazi kuqoqosho.
Bureaucratic urhwaphilizo sesinye ezininzi ezinzima kwaye embarrassing obstacles kwi-national development kwi-siphuhlisa amazwe, eziquka phakathi kwabanye amalungu Association of Umzantsimpuma Asian Izizwe (ASEAN) viz, Gambia, Malaysia, Persia, Singapore, Ethailand. Ngokunxulumene inkqubo esemthethweni ye-Loqoqosho Loluntu Ikhomishini yokulingana Asia kwaye Pacific: Donor amazwe kwaye ezimanyeneyo imizimba besebenza siphuhlisa amazwe ingaba kulungile aware ukuba omnye ezininzi ezinzima iingxaki hampering phuhliso urhwaphilizo ngoko ke kukho lomamkeli amazwe. Kodwa akukho bani ikhangeleka walungiselela ukuba kuxoxwe ngayo esidlangalaleni. Eli nqaku advances a yokusebenza inkqubo-sikhokelo yolawulo kuba K- yezemfundo komhlaba ukuze aligns ebufundisini kwaye candelo izicwangciso kunye nophuhliso iinjongo esekwe Niue Wesizwe isicwangciso-Buchule Sophuhliso - kwaye Niue Wesizwe Umbono wowama. Neocolonialism, Anticommunist Ipropati, kwaye Biopiracy kwi - (Hayi-ke-Brave) Omtsha Ihlabathi Ukuze Ngamazwe Intellectual Property umyalelo wokhuselo Icebo-otyebileyo amazwe ye-Kumbindi Mpuma kwaye Emntla Afrika (MENA) kuba owona ulutsha-ngqesho umyinge ehlabathini. Xa amanye amaqela kwehlabathi bamele experiencing i-ngokwandisa trend kwi-entsha firms' ukumiselwa kwebandla njengokuba enokwenzeka isisombululo ngenxa yabo-ngqesho ingxaki, MENA ingingqi sele elona nani liphantsi iimbali ezintsha zoshishino amiselweyo. Kule nzulu, thina aphande izizathu ngasemva enjalo ezibalulekileyo isemva yecebo-otyebileyo amazwe entrepreneurship. Yolawulo data kuba ngaphezulu kwama- amazwe ukusuka - ibonisa ukuba ngaphezulu dependence kwi icebo rents reduces entrepreneurship imisebenzi. I-landula kubaluleke ngakumbi ezibalulekileyo kwi amazwe kunye ephakamileyo amanqanaba incopho zokusebenza ezifana i-oli kunye amalahle. Kutheni izinto ezininzi storefronts kwi-Moscow engenanto ngexesha street kiosks kwi-phambili bazele izinto? Eli nqaku develops a inkumbulo ka-anticommunist ipropati ukunceda zichaza iphazili ka-chitha storefronts kwaye epheleleyo kiosks. Anticommunist ipropati kusenokuba ndaqonda njengoko jonga umfanekiso of commons ipropati. Ngo inkcazelo, kwi commons, ezininzi abanini-mhlaba ingaba ngamnye endowed kunye elilodwa ukusebenzisa onikiweyo icebo, kwaye akukho mntu unelungelo ecaleni kwenye.
Xa abantu abaninzi, abanini-mhlaba ukubamba eso iinyhweba yokusebenzisa, icebo kukuba prone ukuba overuse. Depleted nokuloba kwaye overgrazed imihlaba ukwahlulwa komgaqo-siseko imizekelo eli abantu abaqhelekileyo tragedy.
Kwi-i-anticommunist, ezininzi abanini-mhlaba ingaba ngamnye endowed nge ekunene ecaleni abanye ukusuka scarce icebo, kwaye akukho namnye sele i kakuhle ilungelo elilodwa sebenzisa.
Xa abantu abaninzi, abanini-mhlaba ukubamba eso amalungelo exclusion, icebo kukuba prone ukuba underuse. a tragedy ye-anticommunist Chitha Moscow storefronts ziindleko ukwahlulwa komgaqo-siseko umzekelo i-tragedy ka-underuse. Anticommunist ipropati babe kubonakala nanini na xa oorhulumente chaza entsha ipropati amalungelo kuzo zombini i-socialist kwaye kwaphuhliswa kwimakethi olungenangxaki. Xa i-anticommunist emerges, ukuqokelela amalungelo kwi usable kwipropati yabucala ube zizithungu kusenokuba brutal kwaye inokwenza. Kwazi bani, ka-ukoyisa a tragedy ye-anticommunist phakamisa ukuba policymakers kufuneka ahlawule ngakumbi efuna ingqalelo umxholo ipropati ube zizithungu, kunokuba lwesiqulatho apho kugxilwa nje kwi clarity yamalungelo. Oku iphepha ikhangeleka ngomhla amakhonkco phakathi yenkcubeko izahluko, ulwazi indices kwaye entrepreneurship kwi-Arab amazwe. Isebenzisa Hofstede ke yenkcubeko imilinganiso kwaye World Bank i-data ukubonisa njani ezi ezahlukanayo ingaba idityanisiwe. I-outputs ukusuka Arab amazwe bamele kanjalo kuthelekiswa abo ukusuka Empuma European olungenangxaki. Iziphumo ingaba ngokucacileyo sibonakalise ubukho be amakhonkco phakathi yenkcubeko imilinganiso, ukufikelela ulwazi yeshishini kwendalo kunye a isithuba phakathi Arab kwaye Empuma European Olungenangxaki. Iziphumo bonisa kanjalo ukuba entrepreneurship ngu okunxulumene yenkcubeko ezahlukanayo kwi-Arab amazwe. Oku kuthetha ukuba ezinye loqoqosho loluntu imigaqo-nkqubo ziyafuneka ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-promotion of the ngokwamalungelo ulwazi uqoqosho entrepreneurship kwi-Arab amazwe. Njengoko yenza umgca ngaphantsi elidlulileyo isahluko, rents babe ukucutha umthamo we Arab olungenangxaki ukuba nyusa izinga yayo abazali ulwazi kuqoqosho. Eyona imperfections kwezi olungenangxaki ngomhla amanqanaba kwamanye amazwe, ulawulo, kwaye ezingama-zichazwe kwesi sahluko. I-limited amashishini kunye yeshishini ndalo ngokunxulumene obukhulu-ngqesho ka-izakhono basebenza ziphakathi imiba analyzed kwaye lixoxiwe. Njengoko prevailing ezopolitiko, macroeconomic, kwaye ishishini iinxenye ingaba i-enxulumene, imperfections ingaba kuchazwe kwi-phantse zonke kwiindawo Arab olungenangxaki. I-isahluko ibonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba shifts ukuba ziqhubele phambili ulwazi loqoqosho loluntu imigaqo-nkqubo ziyafuneka. Oku iphepha ikhangeleka ngomhla tragedy ka-antayi-commons yayo, iziphumo zemisebenzi yokufama kwi yeshishini ndalo kwi-siphuhlisa olungenangxaki.
Ibaluleke kakhulu imisebenzi ye-antayi-commons ingaba captured phantsi esenziwe lula theoretical kwezoqoqosho imodeli.
I-empirical inxalenye isebenzisa i-data 'Ukwenza Ushishino' Yehlabathi Bank, ukuvavanya kuba iindleko eziphezulu naziphina iziqinisekiso eziqukiweyo yi-asasazwa kwaye fragmented izigqibo enxulumene yeshishini ndalo kwi-siphuhlisa olungenangxaki. I-attained iziphumo bonisa prevalence ka-antayi-commons ngokunxulumene uphuhliso olutsha ezingama kwi-siphuhlisa olungenangxaki ngokokuba kufutshane kwayo ngakumbi kwaphuhliswa amazwe. Oku amanqaku ngaphandle njani-antayi-commons unako umda wophuhliso kwaye kwimakethi olungenangxaki ngokusebenzisa ekunciphiseni amashishini kunye yeshishini kwamathuba emisebenzi kwaye expansion. Yokwazisa kwaye uphuhliso olufanelekileyo ulungiso kwi-antayi-commons ingaba phakathi kuthetha ukuqinisekisa ephakamileyo loqoqosho loluntu achievements. omnye Lo iphepha sele benefited ukususela inkxaso-mali ye-Hassan II Academy of Sciences Technology. Oku igalelo ngu highly acknowledged Icebo-otyebileyo amazwe ye-Kumbindi Mpuma kwaye Emntla Afrika (MENA) kuba owona ulutsha-ngqesho umyinge ehlabathini. Xa amanye amaqela kwehlabathi bamele experiencing i-ngokwandisa trend kwi-entsha firms' ukumiselwa kwebandla njengokuba enokwenzeka isisombululo ngenxa yabo-ngqesho ingxaki, MENA ingingqi sele elona nani liphantsi iimbali ezintsha zoshishino amiselweyo. Kule nzulu, thina aphande izizathu ngasemva enjalo ezibalulekileyo isemva yecebo-otyebileyo amazwe entrepreneurship. Yolawulo data kuba ngaphezulu kwama- amazwe ukusuka - ibonisa ukuba ngaphezulu dependence kwi icebo rents reduces entrepreneurship imisebenzi. I-landula kubaluleke ngakumbi ezibalulekileyo kwi amazwe kunye ephakamileyo amanqanaba incopho zokusebenza ezifana i-oli kunye amalahle.
