Islamic wolwaphulo-mthetho wolwaphulo-mthetho ngokungqinelana ShariaStrictly ukuthetha, Islamic umthetho akanalo ecacileyo corpus 'wolwaphulo-mthetho. Ke inxenye yolwaphulo-mthetho kwi ezintathu awohlukileyo kuxhomekeke offense - Hudud (yolwaphulo-mthetho 'ngokuchasene Nothixo', egama isohlwayo iqinisekile kwi-Quran kwaye Hadiths) Qiyas (yolwaphulo-mthetho ngokuchasene oyedwa okanye usapho abantliziyo isohlwayo ilingana retaliation kwi-Quran kwaye Hadiths) kwaye Tazi (yolwaphulo-mthetho abantliziyo isohlwayo ayikho echaziweyo kwi-Quran kwaye Hadiths, kwaye ekhohlo ukuba yomtshutshisi umlawuli okanye Qadi, mna. e. Abanye yongeza anesine unyaka ka-Sibasa (yolwaphulo-mthetho ngokuchasene government), ngeli lixa abanye cinga ngayo njengenxalenye noba Kokuba okanye Tazi yolwaphulo-mthetho. Esiqhelekileyo sharia iinkundla, ngokungafaniyo bale mihla Western iinkundla, musa ukusebenzisa jury okanye abatshutshisi kwi egameni kuluntu.
Yolwaphulo-mthetho ngokuchasene Nothixo ingaba prosecuted ngokuthi urhulumente njengoko hudud yolwaphulo-mthetho, kwaye zonke ezinye, ulwaphulo-mthetho imicimbi, kuquka babulala kwaye bodily injury, ingaba wamanzi acociweyo njengoko disputes phakathi abantu nge-i-Islamic umgwebi igqiba isiphumo ngokusekelwe sharia intlanzi ezifana Hanafi, Maliki, Shafiq ke, Hanbali kwaye Jafari abalandela kwi-Islamic kwimimandla ephantsi kolawulo lwesixeko.
Enyanisweni, ukususela lisaqala Islamic imbali, ulwaphulo-mthetho iimeko baba idla kuphethwe yi-umlawuli-yanikezela ezinkundleni okanye wobulali amapolisa ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezaye kuphela loosely enxulumene sharia. Kwi-bale mihla era, sharia esekelwe, ulwaphulo-mthetho imithetho baba widely indawo nge-statutes iphenjelelwe yi-European models, nangona kwi nje decades eziliqela amazwe reintroduced iziqalelo ze Islamic penal umthetho kwi wabo ngokusemthethweni codes phantsi lokukhula kwempembelelo yomoya Islamist movements. Esiqhelekileyo Islamic jurisprudence inxenye yolwaphulo-mthetho kwi offenses ngokuchasene Nothixo kwaye abo ngokuchasene umntu. Owokuqala ingaba ebone ukuba ekuvunyelwene ngawo Uthixo ke hudud, okanye 'kwimida'. Ezi punishments baba elikhankanyiweyo yi-Quran, kwaye kwezinye kwiimeko yi-Sunnah.
I-offenses incurring hudud punishments ingaba Zina (mthethweni ngesondo intercourse), unfounded accusations ka-Zina, consuming intoxicants, highway robbery, kwaye abanye iifomu ka-ubusela.
Jurists kuba differed njengoko nokuba ukreqo kwaye kwimvukelo ngokuchasene osemthethweni Islamic umlawuli ingaba hudud yolwaphulo-mthetho.
Hudud punishments aqala kwi-wonke lashing ukuba esidlangalaleni stoning ekufeni, amputation izandla kwaye kubethelelwa emnqamlezweni. Hudud yolwaphulo-mthetho azinako pardoned yi-victim okanye nge-urhulumente, kwaye punishments kufuneka bamthwala ngaphandle kwi-wonke. Nangona kunjalo, evidentiary imigangatho kuba ezi punishments baba rhoqo impossibly phezulu, kwaye babebizwa infrequently uphunyezwe kubhalwayo. Umzekelo, intlanganiso hudud iimfuno kuba Zina kwaye ubusela waba enyanisweni ukwenzeka ngaphandle i-vuma, apho basenokuba invalidated nge retraction.
Ngokusekelwe a hadith, jurists stipulated ukuba hudud punishments kufuneka averted yi-slightest doubts okanye ambiguities (Shubuta).
I-harsher hudud punishments baba ukuqwalasela okuthethwayo ukuba deter kwaye ukuthutha i-umbizane womhlaba ka-offenses ngokuchasene Nothixo, kunokuba ibe bamthwala ngaphandle. Ngexesha th century, sharia esekelwe, ulwaphulo-mthetho imithetho kwakukho indawo nge-statutes iphenjelelwe yi-European models phantse kuyo yonke indawo kwi-Islamic ihlabathi, ngaphandle kokuba eminye ingakumbi conservative imimandla enjalo njengoko Arabian Peninsula.
I-Islamic revival le emva kwexesha th century azisa ihamba unxulumano yi-Islamist movements kuba ngokupheleleyo ukusetyenziswa sharia.
Reinstatement ka-hudud punishments sele kokuba ezithile amakhonkco ukubaluleka kuba la maqela ngenxa yabo Quranic lemveli, kwaye zabo advocates kuba rhoqo disregarded the stringent esiqhelekileyo izithintelo kwi zabo isicelo.
Enyanisweni, amazwe apho hudud zithe idityaniswe kwi isemthethweni ikhowudi phantsi Islamist koxinzelelo, baya kuba rhoqo ibisoloko isetyenziswa sparingly okanye hayi ngamaxesha onke, kwaye zabo isicelo sele varied kuxhomekeke wobulali ezopolitiko ukutshintsha kwemozulu. Yabo sebenzisa wenziwe kwesihloko ka-criticism kwaye ngxoxo-mpikiswano. Qiyas yi-Islamic-siseko 'i-ngeliso' Olu didi ibandakanya yolwaphulo-mthetho kwaye babulale ibhetri. Lo mba visas wazuza considerable ingqalelo Entshona media ngo- xa Aminah Bahram, i-Yugoslavian umfazi blinded kwi-i-acid attack, lanyanzelisa ukuba wakhe attacker kuba blinded ngokunjalo. Ingcamango ka-isohlwayo phantsi Qiyas ngu-hayi ngokubhekiselele kwi 'base' versus 'umntu' (ezingachanekanga doer), kodwa kungcono ukuba 'abantu kunye neentsapho' (victim(s) versus 'abantu kunye neentsapho' (ezingachanekanga doer(s). Njalo, victim sele isakhono pardon i-perpetrator kwaye withhold isohlwayo nkqu kwimeko babulala. Bahram pardoned yakhe attacker kwaye bema yakhe isohlwayo (drops ka-acid kwi amehlo akhe) nje phambi kokuba kwakuza yanikezela ngo. Diya ufumana imbuyekezo ihlawulwe kwi-ziindlalifa zobukumkani a victim.
Kwi-Arabic ilizwi ithetha zombini igazi imali kwaye ransom. I-Quran ichaza-siseko Qiyas (mna e.
retaliation) kodwa prescribes ukuba omnye umele ukufuna imbuyekezo yabasebenzi (Diya) kwaye hayi imfuneko retribution. Sino emiselwe kuba nawe kuyo (Torah) 'a ubomi kuba ubomi, kwaye i-ngeliso, nose kuba nose, kwaye i-indlebe kuba i-indlebe, tooth kuba tooth, kuba kwangalondlela retaliation' kodwa nabani na remits ke, kubalulekile i-expiation kuba naye, kodwa yena lowo akayi kugweba yi-yintoni Uthixo sele kutyhilwa, la kuba unjust. Tazi uquka nawuphi na ulwaphulo-mthetho ukuba ingaba na ukungena kwi-Hudud okanye Qiyas kwaye apho ke ngoko sele sohlwayo echaziweyo kwi-Quran. Tazi kwi-Islamic, ulwaphulo-mthetho jurisprudence ngabo yolwaphulo-mthetho apho isohlwayo ngu e yomtshutshisi urhulumente, umlawuli okanye Qadi, kuba iintshukumo mbasa sinful okanye destructive-wonke ukuze, kodwa ezingekhoyo punishable njengoko kokuba okanye visas phantsi Sharia.
