Kuya kuba existential mbhodamo yi-isiphelo i-decade
Ngoko ke, apha ke Ambrose Evan Pritchard: kwaye kumele ibe wathi, uthando kuye bazalwana nangona senza, unako kuba nje kancinci phezu enthusiastic malunga bakhe imihla unye: Ukuba i-oli futures kwimakethi ichanekile, panama iza kuqala wabaleka wangena trouble ngaphakathi emva kweminyaka emibiniNemvumelwano ixabiso KUTHI crude oil kuba kweenkonzo kwi-kweyomnga wama- okwangoku dollazi, implying a drastic tshintsha kwi-kwezoqoqosho ubuhle belizwe kuba Kumbindi Mpuma kunye Petro-rentier states. I-Saudis wathabatha a enkulu gamble yokugqibela novemba xa baye bema ukuxhasa amaxabiso kwaye opted endaweni ukuba kweebhulorho wentengiso kwaye drive ngaphandle rivals, boosting kwezabo imveliso ukuya kwi. Bank of America BAC. Bank of Americana dollazi. (.) Ukuba i-oli kwimakethi kokuba kokuba yayo ubudala isakhiwo, apho iiprojekthi thatha-decade okanye ngaphezulu nkqu nizise kwi imveliso kwaye ke zivelisa decades ngaphezulu, kwi baninzi eyinkunzi iindleko, ngoko khetha ka-tactic ukuba Saudi kusetyenziswa babe kuba nethuba ekuqhutywa. Ukuba yi-flooding yentengiso kuba ngonyaka okanye u-Saudi unako wakhupha ukuthandabuza kwi financing esilandelayo iliza ezinjalo enkulu iiprojekthi, ngoko ke babe nako ukuze bonwabele a-decade okanye ngaphezulu obukhulu amaxabiso. Abo phezulu amaxabiso ngaphezu kokwenza phezulu kuba ezilahlekileyo ingeniso ngaloo ixesha undercutting abo iiprojekthi. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, observers kwaye abaphononongi bazibona icebo imveliso njengoko i-uthabatho lwe witting.
ishishini apho iindleko kwaye amaxabiso kuvuka, ethubeni njengoko ngcono low-iindleko prospects itephu ngaphandle.
Fracking itshintshe imeko ngokupheleleyo. Fracking ngu nemizi-mveliso okanye, mhlawumbi kungcono,"nemizi-mveliso."Akuvumelekanga icebo uthabatho lwe witting. Ngokwembali, nemizi-mveliso ngu characterized yi - ukwanda umsebenzi omhle kwaye falling iindleko. Ngaphaya koko, nemizi-mveliso ngokuqhelekileyo iqala kwi ngaphezulu ephambili industrialized izizwe kwaye ke chaza phezu ixesha kwamanye amazwe. Cotton ginning waqala e-United States emva Ueli Whitney invented lokuqala bale mihla mechanical gin ngowe. Ukuziqhelanisa ke kunabela ukuba kwamanye amazwe. Ephambili steel imveliso waqalisa kwi KUTHI emva kokuba Imfazwe Yehlabathi II kwaye ke wathabatha bamba kwi-Germany, Japan, i-South Korea, ne-China. Mveliso revolutions yiya ukusuka phezulu-iindleko amazwe ukuba low-iindleko izizwe.
m barrels ngosuku (b d) kwi amazinyo ye i-downturn
Silindele crude oil nemizi-mveliso ukwenza efanayo. Kwinqaku ekubeni ukuba fracking kakuhle nje ayi eliphezulu eyinkunzi iindleko msebenzi. Okanye kutheni into yokuba kufuneka ixesha elide phezulu amaxabiso lungelelanisa. Siphinda-phantsi ukuba umvo omnye izigidi ukuba amatye omnye mihla, baninzi uninzi kubuya esiza lokuqala ezimbalwa eminyaka. Oku njalo isa kuthi kude esiqhelekileyo icebo imveliso yemali imodeli phezu into kokukhona resembling nemizi-mveliso. Kwaye njengoko AEP amanqaku ngaphandle, iindleko oku ingaba ilahle lonke ixesha: ingxaki kuba Saudis kukuba NATHI uhlobo oluthile lwelitye elinkumnkum apho isclerotinia asingawo high-iindleko.
Ngabo ikakhulu mid-iindleko, kwaye ndicinga ukuba ingaba ukususela CERAWeek amandla foram kwi-Houston, ingcaphephe ngexesha LAKHE ukuba uhlobo oluthile lwelitye elinkumnkum iinkampani zibe nako shave abo iindleko yi-pc kulo nyaka - kwaye ingekuko kuphela yi-iyatshintsha tactically ukuba phezulu-yielding wells.
Ephambili iphedi ka-drilling techniques vumela apho isclerotinia ukwazisa ezintlanu okanye ishumi wells ngendlela ezahlukeneyo izalathiso ukusuka efanayo site.
Ebukekayo amatye-bits nge computer kubo bonke ubomi bakhe banako kufuna ngaphandle cracks kwi-kolwalwa.
Entsha dissolvable plugs isithembiso ukugcina dollazi, ngokunjalo. 'Thina anayithathela asukelwa phantsi drilling iindleko yi-pc, kwaye siyabona omnye pc ozayo, wathi Uyohane Hess HES. amashumi amathathu anesine Hess HES dollazi. dollazi (.
amashumi amathathu anesine) Kude ukuba esiqhelekileyo icebo imodeli kwamaphulo wokuba ngonaphakade ngakumbi expensive sibe ngoku kwi-eliphantsi eyinkunzi lwamanzi kwaye highly reactive ihlabathi.
Nayiphi na resumption obukhulu-oli amaxabiso nje ke bona abo fracking wells ukunyuka kwenani kwaye njalo imveliso ukuba ingene yentengiso. Kwi ukusebenza Saudi ngu-hayi ixesha elide i-swing wonke kwaye ayisasebenzi ixabiso determinant kwi phezulu. Ukuba Saudi waye thintela imveliso ukuba nyusa amaxabiso eyona nto abaxhamli izakuba abo uhlobo oluthile lwelitye elinkumnkum drillers. Ngoko ke, panama evuliweyo i-pumps ukuzama ukubulala ngaphandle uhlobo oluthile lwelitye elinkumnkum: end ngenxa kukuba uhlobo oluthile lwelitye elinkumnkum ugcina isebenza kwaye nayiphi na ixabiso kuvuka kuya kuhlangatyezwana nazo yi-ngokwandisa imveliso ukusuka kubo. Njengoko ndithi, economists bakholisa hayi bekholelwa predatory pricing njengoko ke kuluncedo real-ihlabathi technique kuba kanye kanye le isizathu: ayithethi ukuba ngoko ke, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, njengokuba nathi anayithathela ngonaphakade okubonwayo, kukhokelela a inzuzo kuba predator. Kwaye, njengoko AEP amanqaku ngaphandle, oku kokuya sizathu ezoyikekayo iingxaki kuba panama kwi-kufutshane elizayo.
Ukuba ukulingana zabo lwabiwo-mali, baya kufuneka-oli e dollazi ngamnye barrel.
Kwaye ke kakhulu engathndwayo ngonaphakade ukufikelela ukuba inqanaba kwakhona, onikiweyo ukuba fracking sele eguquliweyo i-ishishini kwi into kokukhona akin ukuba nemizi-mveliso kunokuba icebo uthabatho lwe witting. Ezinye oku kunjalo inkcukacha malunga oli ishishini. Kodwa ibali lokwenene apha, kulungile, ithetha ntoni i-uqoqosho ingaba xa ka-kubaluleke ngenene-oli ezisekelwe kwaye ixabiso-oli sele ngaphezu halved kwaye ukhangeleka ngokungathi iza zange ukubuyiselwa.
