Inqanawa ukubhaliswa yi-nkqubo nge-apho inqanawa ngu ixwebhu kwaye enikwe nationality lizwe apho inqanawa wenziwe ibhalwe phantsi
I-nationality ivumela inqanawa ukuhamba internationally njengoko kunjalo ubungqina bokuba umnini - esonyuliweyo.
Wamazwe ngamazwe ifuna ukuba wonke merchant inqanawa ibe ebhalisiweyo kwilizwe, ngokuba yayo flag state. Kubalulekile amaxesha amaninzi ukuze kuthi ukuba inqanawe sails phantsi iflegi yelizwe ye ubhaliso. Inqanawa ke flag urhulumente exercises ezigunyazisiweyo zengxelo ulawulo phezu esonyuliweyo kwaye kufuneka inspect oko yithi rhoqo, iziqinisekiso inqanawe ke izixhobo kwaye crew, kuze kukhutshwe nokhuseleko kunye pollution zokuthintela amaxwebhu. I-umbutho apho ngokwenene kubhalisa inqanawe laziwa yayo registry. Registries zibe governmental okanye private nee-arhente ezingamahlakani. Kwezinye iimeko, ezifana-United States' Enye Kuphunyezwe Lwenkqubo, registry unako nika umntu wesithathu ukulungiselela inspections. I-bhalisa oko kukuthi vula kuphela iinqanawa eyeyayo isizwe laziwa a zemveli okanye wesizwe ubhalise. Kubhalisa ukuba ingaba vula ukuba iinqwelo-owned iinqanawa eyaziwayo njengoko vula registries kwaye ingaba ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa flagstaff ka-ukunceda. Inqanawa ubhaliso ibisoloko isenziwa zoshishino ukusukela ngomhla seas wenziwe ebalulekileyo. Ekuqaleni ukuqwalasela okuthethwayo ukuze alawule, iinqanawa oqhuba cargo kwi-European seaborne amazwe, kwaba osetyenziselwa qiniseka iinqanawa baba ekubeni wakha kwi-wobulali lizwe, kunye crews predominantly ka-yobulali lizwe. Ukususela ngoko, inqanawe ubhaliso ibisoloko isetyenziswa ukuba uxwebhu iinqanawa kuba mashishini. Uxwebhu ibonelela uqiniseko ubungqina nationality kuba ngamazwe ngeenjongo kwaye ibonelela financing amathuba kunye zikhona, usuke waba mortgages kwi ixwebhu izikhephe. Izikhephe ukuba ukusebenza internationally okanye emnqamlezweni ngamazwe imida kufuneka ibe ebhalisiweyo. Eminye imida kanjalo kufuna izikhephe ukuba kuphela ukusebenza kwi-territorial amanzi ukuze ubhalise kwi zabo wesizwe irejista, kwaye abanye uyala iinqwelo-iflegiwe izikhephe ukusuka orhwebo phakathi lamazibuko ngaphakathi kweli lizwe (a senzo eyaziwa njenge cabotage).
Eli lizwe ka-ukubhaliswa yi inqanawa ke flag urhulumente kwaye limisela yayo nationality ngokunjalo apho lizwe ke imithetho elawula yalo msebenzi kwaye imbonakalo yayo crew.
Ngamnye registry sele eyakhe migaqo njengoko iintlobo izikhephe ukuba kuya yamkela sokubhalisa.
I-Liberian Registry, umzekelo, kubhalisa seagoing izikhephe engaphezulu, amakhulu amahlanu net eziyi ukuba ukuziphatha urhwebo kumazwe angaphandle.
Izikhephe phezu kweminyaka engamashumi amabini kufuna a waiver ngokunjalo njengoko esonyuliweyo ke kwicandelo elikhethekileyo society ekubeni ethanda mba statutory iziqinisekiso ukuba esonyuliweyo. Izikhephe elinesihlanu ubudala okanye nangaphezulu kufuneka kuba Isimo Ingxelo ye-esonyuliweyo ke Ezikhethekileyo Uphando ibe wahlaziya ngumthetho Olawula Ukhuseleko. Registries kwentlawulo sokubhalisa imali kufuneka Kubekho 'genuine ikhonkco' phakathi esonyuliweyo yayo, iflegi state. Inqaku lomgaqo-Geneva Convention kwi Phezulu Seas ka, apho yaqalisa ukusebenza ngowe, ifuna ukuba 'urhulumente kufuneka ngempumelelo basebenzise yayo kolawulo lwesixeko kwaye ulawulo kwi-administrative, lobuchule kunye namaqonga imicimbi phezu iinqanawa flying yayo beflegi. Kukho states umntu ukuba Sivumelwano Umgaqo waba iphindwe kwi Inqaku wezizwe ezimanyeneyo Convention on Umthetho Zolwandle ka- (UNCLOS), apho yaqalisa ukusebenza ngo. Ukuba Convention sele amaqela Ngowe, ezimanyeneyo Inkomfa kwi Urhwebo Nophuhliso azama solidify i-genuine ikhonkco ingcamango kwi-ezimanyeneyo Convention on Iimeko kuba Ubhaliso Iinqanawa. I-Convention on Iimeko kuba Ubhaliso Iinqanawa ebeya kufuna ukuba a flag urhulumente kuba okunxulumene yayo iinqanawa noba yi ekubeni i-kwezoqoqosho unesabelo naye kwi-umnini wayo iinqanawa okanye ngokubonelela mariners ukuba i-crew iinqanawa.
Ukuba ingene umkhosi, treaty ifuna amane signatories abantliziyo zidibene tonnage exceeds amabini anesihlanu yehlabathi iyonke.
Ukuba umhla, kuphela ishumi elinesine amazwe oyisayinileyo i-treaty. Wezwelonke okanye ezivaliweyo registries ngokuqhelekileyo kufuna ukuba inqanawa ibe owned kwaye constructed ngumthetho wesizwe umdla, kwaye ubuncinane iifayile crewed yi-ayo abemi. Vula registries awunayo enjalo iimfuno abanye kunikela kwi-manani ubhaliso, ngamanye amaxesha guaranteeing ugqibo kwi ngaphantsi ngosuku. Iinqanawa mahlanu illegally, ezifana yi-pirates, okanye nacre submarines, akunjalo, ngokuqhelekileyo ebhalisiweyo yi-kubalawuli (noxa ebhalisiweyo inqanawa ibe captured okanye esetyenziswa covertly kuba mthethweni ngeenjongo).
